A.
What is Structureand
Written Expression TOEFL ?
Structure
and Written Expression is the second part tested in the TOEFL exam. In this
section it is intended to determine your competence or ability in terms of
Grammar in English. The questions contained in this session were 40 questions
with a given duration of 30 minutes.
In the
Structure section, participants will be given a question in the form of
incomplete sentences and then asked to choose the right word or phrase to
complete the sentence.
Next in the
Written Expression section, participants will be given a question in the form
of a sentence with several parts marked (underlined). In this question it is
expected that the test participant can determine which part is not correct in
the sentence.
B. Tips and Strategies for Answering the Problem Structure and
Written Expression
1. Pay
attention to the subject and verb in the main sentence. If there is no complete
subject or verb phrase, then you must find it in the answer choice.
2. To help see
the subject and main verbs, simplify the sentence by removing prepositional
phrases, adjectives, and / or nouns.
3. Determine
what structure the sentence requires.
4. Read the
sentence to see if the sentence makes sense and looks right.
From a
series of existing TOEFL tests, the Structure and Written Expression section is
a part or session which is easier to do than other sessions. This is because
the problems in this session are not too complicated and only fill in the empty
sentence sections and identify the wrong sentences.
However,
never look at this session with just one eye or even underestimate. Because the
questions in this session can be trapped and if things are not prepared before
the test, then you might have difficulty answering the questions given. Here we
will describe some specific tips on working on the TOEFL session Structure and
Written Expression questions.
C. TOEFL Test Structure and Written Expression section
The Test Structure and Written Expression in
a TOEFL is usually 40-50 multiple choice questions, with the time provided
between 50-55 minutes. The types of multiple choice questions for Structure and
Written Expression are of two types:
1.
The first
part (between 15 - 20 items) is complete questions.
You must choose one of the most
appropriate answers among the 4 (four) answer choices provided and then blacken
the circle on the answer sheet according to the code of the answer chosen.
Example:
_______ you should read a lot of
books.
(A) University student
(B) When study
(C) A student at a university
(D) Being a student
The correct answer is (D).
2.
he second
part (between 20-30 items) is a question in the form of a sentence with four
words or phrases underlined.
You must choose one of the words
or phrases that are wrong or grammatically inappropriate. The point is that you
have to choose a part that if corrected makes the whole sentence correct; but
if you choose the one that really doesn't need to be corrected, the whole
sentence will still be wrong or increase in error. In conclusion, in this
section you are only asked to look for the wrong word / sentence underlined at
each point, A, B, C, or D.
Example:
The King
felt that no one were better than Sir Kay with the
position of chief cook in the royal palace
A
B C D
The correct answer is C, because it should be
for, not with. That is, if the word with is fixed by replacing it with the word
for; the sentence is correct. A, B, and D are correct in the sequence of
sentences.
3.
Choose easy
questions first to work on by clearly marking the answer choices. In general,
the questions in the initial number are easy and the difficulty increases in
the next numbers, so the last number question is the hardest problem.
4.
If you feel
unsure of the correct answer choices, mark the answer choices that are the
possibility of the correct answer by giving a different sign with a steady
answer.
After completing the questions
that are considered easy, you look again at the doubting answers. However, do
not concentrate too long on one question that is considered difficult because
he must remember the available time allocation is relatively short.
5.
If all the
questions have been answered, if there is still time left, try to re-examine
the answers, especially the answers that doubt the accuracy.
6.
If you don't
know the correct answer, you can guess the answer (guessing) as much as
possible choosing the answer that is estimated to be closest to the most
appropriate answer. Try all the questions answered. Because the wrong answer
will not reduce the score.
Example Questions (Structure and Written
Expression):
Example 1:
...was backed up for miles on the freeway.
(A) Yesterday
(B) In the Morning
(C) Traffic
(D) Cars
The example above shows that it has a verb that is WAS
but has no subject. Answer C is the best because TRAFFIC is a single subject
that is synchronous with WAS (single verb). Answers A and B are wrong because
it is not a subject but a description of time, and answer D is indeed a subject
but plural (plural) and not synchronous with a single (singular) verb.
Example 2:
Engineers...for work on the new space program.
(A) Necessary
(B) Are needed
(C) Hopefully
(D) Next month
The example above shows that you already have subject
Engineers and do not have a verb. Because of the B answer, Are Needed is a verb
so this is the best answer. Answers A, C, and D are not verbs, so they are
wrong.
Example 3:
The boy...going to the movies
(A) he is
(B) he always was
(C) is relaxing
(D) will be
The sentence above has subject (the boy) and has part
of verb (going), so that the sentence is correct, it needs the form of verb BE
so that the sentence becomes complete. Answers A and B are wrong because there
will be excess subject (he). Answer C is wrong because it will double verb ING
with GOING. Answer D is the best because it complements the word Going that
needs to BE.
Example 4:
My best friend...always helpful with problems.
(A) Are
(B) Who
(C) Was
(D) Will
(E) Is
The subject of this sentence is My best friend, but
does not have Verb. The most suitable answer is (e) is, because that is the
correct sentence. My best friend is always helpful and with problems.
Example 5:
The customer...paying the clerk for the clothes.
(A) Is
(B) Want
(C) Can
(D) No
(E) Are
The sentence above already has Subject the customer
and part of verb paying. The above sentence requires tobe to make it complete
verb, then the answer to the above question is (a) is, because the correct
sentence should be the customer is paying the clerk for the clothes.
Example 6:
Mark Twain...the years after the Civil War the “Gilded
Age.”
(A) called
(B) calling
(C) he called
(D) hiscalls
The sentence above already has a Subject, namely Mark
Twain, but doesn't have a verb yet. The best answer is (A) called because the
sentence is simple, past.
Example 7:
I...ACL at the Gunadarma University.
(A) was studying
(B) get finish learn
(C) with you go to
(D) studying
(E) am studying
The sentence above already has a subject but does not
have a verb, the right sentence is I am studying ACL at the Gunadarma
University. because after to be "am" can be accompanied by v + ing
Example 8:
8. My brother...very smart
(A) are
(B) is
(C) am
(D) was
(E) have
The sentence above already has a subject but does not
have a verb, the right sentence is my brother is very smart.
Example 9:
Those futsal shoes...expensive
(A) is
(B) am
(C) are
(D) was
The right sentence is those futsal shoes are
expensive, because the subject of those futsal shoes is plural, then the
sentence requires to be in plural form.
Example 10:
The Borobudur temple...Magelang, Indonesia
(A) landmarks
(B) is a landmarked in
(C) is a landmark in
(D) is in a landmark
The Borobudur temple is a landmark in Magelang, Indonesia because it follows the rules of English sentences, a sentence must have a subject and verb, in this case, The Borobudur Temple is a single subject so that it needs to be singular, namely is. And the sentence requires a complement for the needs of Modifier place, Magelang, so that the landmark functions as a noun and cannot be used in the form of verbs 2 & 3 because the role of the verbs has been replaced by to be, is.
Example Questions (Error Analysis)
Error
Identification
1. Even though
he was exhausted, John wrote to his parents a letter explaining
the situation.
A
B
C D
Pembahasan
:
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya : Wrote his parents a letter
2. The Tyrrels had such warm welcome from their family that they were overwhelmed and
A B
could not speak for a few minutes.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : Such a warm welcome
3. The article suggests that when a person is under unusual stress you should
A B
be especially careful to eat a well- balanced diet.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya: he or she should be
4. Economics, with their widespread range of practical application,
A B
is of great interest to government leaders throughout the world.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya : with its widespread
5. Kathy was definitely a faster swimmer than anyone on her on her team
A B C
and appeared headed for the state championship.
D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : C
Seharusnya : anyone else
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya : Wrote his parents a letter
2. The Tyrrels had such warm welcome from their family that they were overwhelmed and
A B
could not speak for a few minutes.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : Such a warm welcome
3. The article suggests that when a person is under unusual stress you should
A B
be especially careful to eat a well- balanced diet.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya: he or she should be
4. Economics, with their widespread range of practical application,
A B
is of great interest to government leaders throughout the world.
C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : B
Seharusnya : with its widespread
5. Kathy was definitely a faster swimmer than anyone on her on her team
A B C
and appeared headed for the state championship.
D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : C
Seharusnya : anyone else
6. The stage production that we saw in New York was very much as the one
A B C
we had previously seen in London
D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : C
Seharusnya : much like the one
7. Did you hear many news about the political situation while you were in that country?
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : much news
8.
Both John, Bob and Tom are outstanding golfers and reasonably
good tennis players.
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : John, Bob, and Tom
9. His speech was a careful worded attempt to evade his responsibility in the matter.
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : carefully worded
10. The children were surprised when the teacher had them to close their books unexpectedly.
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : C
Seharusnya : had them close
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : John, Bob, and Tom
9. His speech was a careful worded attempt to evade his responsibility in the matter.
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : A
Seharusnya : carefully worded
10. The children were surprised when the teacher had them to close their books unexpectedly.
A B C D
Pembahasan :
Jawaban : C
Seharusnya : had them close
Referensi :
